RESUMO
Abstract Aiming to investigate new therapeutic agents with fewer side effects, the number of studies about natural products has increased. Phenolic compounds comprise a well-studied class of abundant plant-derived compounds, whose anti-inflammatory activity has been described. Isoflavones are phenolic compounds that occur mainly in the Leguminosae family, and can be found in many species, such as Trifolium riograndense Burkart, Leguminosae (clover). In this study an HPLC method was used to determine and quantify four isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A) in hydrolyzed leaf, flower, stolon, and root extracts of T. riograndense. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using the rat paw edema method and in vitro chemotaxis model with a dry extract from the leaves, which had the highest amount of isoflavones. The major isoflavone found in all parts of the plant was formononetin. The chemotaxis assay revealed that the different concentrations (0.2-50 µg/ml) of the dry extract significantly inhibited neutrophil migration in a concentration-dependent manner (more than 90%). In the rat paw edema test, oral administration of clover extract 100 mg/kg was able to significantly inhibit the edema formation induced by carrageenan. In conclusion, chemical analyses showed that Trifolium riograndense is a plant rich in isoflavones and a new interesting option as isoflavone source. The results of the biological tests taken together show that the extract of T. riograndense has anti-inflammatory effect in rodents.
RESUMO
AbstractThis study uses high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis as analytical tools to evaluate flavonoids in hydrolyzed leaves extracts of Rubus erythrocladus Mart., Rosaceae, and Morus nigra L., Moraceae. For phytochemical analysis, the extracts were prepared by acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic bath and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography using an ultraviolet detector and by capillary electrophoresis equipped with a diode-array detector. Quercetin and kaempferol were identified in these extracts. The analytical methods developed were validated and applied. Quercetin and kaempferol were quantified in R. erythrocladus, with 848.43 ± 66.68 μg g-1 and 304.35 ± 17.29 μg g-1, respectively, by HPLC-UV and quercetin, 836.37 ± 149.43 μg g-1, by CE-DAD. In M. nigra the quantifications of quercetin and kaempferol were 2323.90 ± 145.35 μg g-1 and 1446.36 ± 59.00 μg g-1, respectively, by HPLC-UV and, 2552.82 ± 275.30 μg g-1 and 1188.67 ± 99.21 μg g-1, respectively, by CE-DAD. The extracts were also analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector and mass spectrometer (MS), UPLC-DAD/MS.
RESUMO
Maytenus ilicifolia, (conocida como congorosa en español y espinheira-santa en portugués), es un arbusto silvestre que crece en países Sudamericanos, principalmente en el Sur de Brasil (Mata Atlántica), Este de Argentina, Centro y Este de Uruguay y Sur de Paraguay. Famosa entre los aborígenes de principios del siglo XIX como planta anticancerígena, hoy día la hoja de congorosa (Mayteni folium) es una droga utilizada para tratar problemas digestivos en forma de infusión. En Brasil constituye fitofármaco indicado principalmente en el tratamiento de la ulcera gástrica. Al respecto, numerosas investigaciones han demostrado las propiedades antiulcerogénicas, las cuales parecen estar relacionadas con la presencia de dos clases de compuestos: fenoles y triterpenos. Recientemente, la hoja de M. ilicifolia ha sido incorporada en Atención Primaria de Salud, tanto en Argentina como en el Brasil
Maytenus ilicifolia, (know as congorosa in Spanish and espinheira-santa in Portuguese) is a wild shrub that grows in South American countries, especially in South Brazil (Mata Atlántica), eastern Argentine, eastern and centre of Uruguay and South of Paraguay. Used by the indigenous people as anticancer plant in the beginning of XIX century, nowadays the leaves of M. ilicifolia (Mayteni folium) is employed as tea for the treatment of digestive aliments for stomach and ulcer illness treatment. In Brazil there is it is a phytomedicine indicated mainly for gastric ulcers. Several researches have demonstrated the antiulcerogenic properties, which seems to be closely related to the presence of two classes of substances: phenols and triterpenes. Recently, M. ilicifolia was incorporated in primary health care in Brazil as well as in Argentine
